This paper focuses on the effect of heterogeneous cache hierarchy in data center processors in the dark silicon era. For extreme-scale high performance computing systems, system-wide power consumption has been identified as one of the key constraints. As energy consumption becomes a key issue for operation and maintenance of cloud data centers, cloud computing providers are becoming significantly concerned. Emerging non-volatile memory technologies are favorable replacement for conventional memory. Here, we employ a nonvolatile memory called spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) as an on-chip L2 cache to obtain lower energy compared to conventional L2 caches, like SRAM. High density, fast read access, near-zero leakage power and non-volatility make STT-RAM a significant technology for on-chip memories. In order to decrease memory energy consumption, it is required to address both the leakage and dynamic energy. Previous studies have mainly studied specific schemes based on common applications and do not provide a thorough analysis of emerging scale-out applications with multiple design options. Here, we discuss different outlooks consisting of performance and energy efficiency in cloud processors by running CloudSuite benchmarks as one of scale-out workloads. Experiment results on the CloudSuite benchmarks show that using STT-RAM memory compare to SRAM memory as last level cache, consumes less energy in L2 cache, around 59% at maximum.

The study aimed to develop a model for effective school in the junior high school. The research has a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population included faculty members of the Education Department, heads and deputies of education organization, principals and educational assistants of schools, teachers and parents of high school students with a degree in education science in the northwest of Iran, that A sample of 217 people were selected purposefully. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed to collect the data using theoretical foundations and After confirmation of its face and content validity in quantitative, the questionnaire reliability was obtained (α = 0. 970). Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that the factor analysis model of 16 effective school components based on components and in prioritizing the components based on confirmatory factor analysis, decision making with the estimated standard coefficient of 0. 931 was the most effective and the component of monitoring, evaluation and providing feedback with an estimated standard coefficient of 0. 603 was the least effective. In the second step, the weight of each of the components and Sub-components were calculated by analyzing the hierarchy using Excel, and the incompatibility coefficient was calculated using MATLAB and The linear model of effective schools was obtained based on the impact factor and the significance coefficient. The results showed that the prioritization of components changed by applying their significance and in the final prioritization, the effective teacher (0. 148) had the first rank and the latency (0. 126) the last rank.

National and regional urban systems are always evolving over the time. There are a two-way relations between them where imbalance in one of them impacts another. Given that the dispersion of settlement points in the field of territory and the lack of cohesion in the spatial structure of the country is one of the main features of Iranian urban system, the examination of urban hierarchy is thus very important in order to identify the links and differences in the whole regions of the country. This paper examines the structure of the urban hierarchy and its evolutionary trend in Ardebil Province. For this, we have used up-dated and existing data to measure and assess the structure of the urban hierarchy in the study area. The analysis indicates that imbalance in urban hierarchy of the region has been one of the outstanding characteristics of Ardebil urban system over the past thirty years. Some reasons of this assymetry can be summarized in the excessive injection of the facilities and resources to Ardebil without the existence of specific plan; especially this trend was intensified when it was selected as the centre of the Province. In addition, geographical position of the city in urban system and remoteness of other cities in the region have impacted this problem.

A B S T R A C T Temperature is one of the climate elements that has fluctuated a lot over time. When these fluctuations increase and decrease more than normal and are placed in the upper and lower regions of the statistical distribution, if continued, it can lead to the creation of heating and cooling waves. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in heating and cooling waves in Iran during a period of 50 years. For this purpose, the temperature of 663 synoptic stations from 1962 to 2004 was obtained from the Esfazari database. Then, in order to complete this database, the daily temperature from 2004 to 2011 was obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the country and added to the aforementioned database. In order to perform calculations and draw maps, Matlab, grads and Surfer software have been used. The results of this study showed that the index of cooling waves and heating waves, while having a direct effect on each other, had an increasing trend in most of the area of Iran. The statistical distribution of the index of cooling waves is more heterogeneous than that of the index of heating waves. So that the spatial variation coefficient for cold waves is 84.22%. Also, the index of cooling waves has more spatial variability. The highest common diffraction of the index of heating and cooling waves has been seen in the northwest, east and along the Zagros mountains. Analysis of the indexes trends show that heat waves have intensified in 65.8% of Iran and the intensity of cold waves has decreased in 48.5% of Iran Extended Abstract Introduction Temperature is one of the major climatic variables, which it has a direct impact on different aspects of human life. It plays an essential role in the growth of crops and is considered a key driver of the biological system(Reicosky et al, 1988). It is associated with several types of extremes, for example, heat and cold waves which caused human societies maximum damage. Past occurrences of heat waves hitherto had significant impacts on several aspects of society. Have increased Mortality and morbidity. Ecosystems can be affected, as well as increased pressure on infrastructures that support society, such as water, transportation, and energy(Dewce, 2016). The long-term change of extreme temperatures has a key role in climatic change. The form of statistical distribution and the variability of mean values and also extreme event indicate a change in the region. It can be a small relative change in the mean as a result of a large change in the probability of extreme occurrence. Also, the variation in temperature data variance is significantly more important than the mean, for assessing the extreme occurrence of climate(Toreti and Desiato, 2008). The average surface temperature has increased the world between 0.56 and 0.92 ° C over the past 100 years(IPCC, 2007). Meanwhile, it was in the Middle East, the average daily temperature increased by 0.4-0.5 ° C in decades(Kostopoulou et al, 2014; Tanarhte et al, 2012). Considering that not many studies have been done in the field of spatio-temporal Variations of the heating and cooling waves thresholds in Iran, in this study, the spatio-temporal Variations of the heating and cooling waves thresholds in Iran during 50 years were examined and analyzed.   Methodology The daily temperature from the beginning of the year 21/03/1967 to 19/05/2005 was obtained from the Esfazari database prepared by Dr. Masoudian at the University of Isfahan. In order to increase the time resolution of the mentioned database, the daily temperature of observations from 05/21/2005 to 05/12/2012 has been added to the mentioned database using the same method, and the exact spatial resolution (15 x 15 km) is used as a database. Threshold indices of heating waves are the average numbers between the 95th and 99th percentiles, that is, the extreme hot threshold to the limit of excessively extreme hot. For extreme cool, from the 5th percentile down to zero is used. Of course, a condition was added to these thresholds, which is that these thresholds must be repeated two days in a row. These thresholds were extracted for each day in the 50 years of the study period and used as the original database. In order to analyze the relationship between cooling and heating waves, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and regression was used to analyze the trend.   Results and discussion The average of cold waves was 5.26 ° C and for the heat waves is 30.20° C. Generally, if the temperature is upper or lower than this threshold, it is considered as hot or cold temperatures. A comparison of the median, mode, and average of cold waves with heat waves shows that the distribution is more heterogeneous for cold waves and its CV is 84.22%. In southern Iran, the average threshold heat waves are higher. This situation can be caused by the effects of subtropical high-pressure radiation, low latitude, and proximity to the sea. Though the threshold is higher in these areas, fewer fluctuations and changes are seen in the area. Heights moderate the temperature so they pose a minimum threshold for heat waves i.e. an iso-threshold of 25 ° C is consistent along the Zagros mountain chains, but in the west and east of Zagros Mountains, the threshold of heat waves is increased. Heat waves have increased in most areas of the country. So nearly 85 percent of the Iran has been an increasing trend, of which 65.8 percent is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Still, more areas of the country (60 percent) have a trend between 0.00828 and 0.00161. As can be seen, only 15% of the land area (including the southwest and northwest of the Country) had decreased heat waves. Cold waves, in most parts of the country, have a Positive Trend. However, about 25 percent of the study area's cold waves have a negative trend. they are located in areas higher than Latitude 30°. The largest decline of the wave's trend along the country is highlands. Nowadays, most of the country, has a trend between 0.01494 and 0.00828 ° C, respectively. Conclusion Common changes and effects of heat and cold waves had a direct relationship in many parts of the country. It is remarkable common variance in the East reached 55 percent, according to statistical significance. In some areas of the northwest and southwest, which have been impressive heights, the common variance is 40 percent. This common variance in mountains area has been high values. Investigation of heat waves trend shows that 65.8% of Iran significant positive trend and 7.1% significant negative trend. Also, the cold waves trend has indicated a 48.5% significant positive trend and a 10.8% significant negative trend. Climate change and global warming have changed the frequency and severity of temperature extremes. The present study, by examining the number of warm waves, concluded that the warm waves have increased in magnitude in 65.8% of the Iran zone. Also, the study of the cold waves trend showed that 48.5 percent of Iran had a positive trend, which means that the amount of temperature in the cold waves increased In other words, the severity of the cold has been reduced And only 10.8 percent of Iran had a negative cold wave trend And it shows the intensity of these waves is reduced.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

This article aiming to identify the factors affected on creating the phenomenon of landslide, to specify areas with zonation and potential landslide in the basin Karaj Dam was performed by Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP). At first the most important factors a factors affecting landslide were prepared. Then landslide map was prepared with using aerial photos with scale of 1:50000 in 1957 and 2003, and field checks with using GPS. Then affecting factors were binary compared using surveying satellite images analyzing method determined the weight of each factor as indicator for their amount effects. Accordingly, the landslide zonation hazard map was prepared in different sensitivities. Results of this study are showed that most recorded landslides in this area there are in the high sensitive zone marked by offered model.

Introduction: Fall from height is one of the main causes of death in the construction workers. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting falls from height accidents in construction industry. Material and method: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on five constructional projects in Pars Jonoobi industrial region, Iran. All of the reported events from 2011 to 2015 were investigated and 74 out of 377 occupational accidents were considered as falls from height accidents. The identified factors and sub-factors were divided into 3 main factors including individual, organizational and environmental factors and 14 sub-factors based on the experts’ opinion. Then, AHP method was used to determine and prioritize of the factors and sub-factors. Results: The results of hierarchical analysis of fall from height accidents causes showed that environmental, individual, and organizational factors with weights of 0. 359, 0. 351, and 0. 290 were in the first, second, third priorities, respectively. Meanwhile, among all examined sub-factors, work platform elevation, mental/ occupational stresses and safety culture had the highest priority. Conclusion: Paying attention to the strategies that enhance the safety culture of employees and reduce their occupational stress levels in the workplace can be very effective in preventing of fall from height accidents.

Several research suggests that todays, as long as Sellers do not Act fairly in market, consumers will not encourage loyalty and re-purchasing, there are numerous factors that affect consumer perceptions that the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of price difference and The hierarchical and native social norm on a fair pricing perception by explaining the role of the source of financing. present study is a descriptive-survey research method, and in terms of purpose and Data collection is a library-field. present study was based on a pilot factorial design with eight different role playing scenarios, which was distributed in the form of a questionnaire among the customers of the International Parsian Hotels, and Data were collected from 240 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of the research show that there is no significant difference between the effect of price difference at two prices of 10, 000 Toman and 150, 000 Toman on fair perception, but there is a significant difference between the effect of hierarchical and native social norms on perception Fair. as well as the results of factor analysis showed that the interactive effect of the source of financing by the person or organization was confirmed in relation to social norms and fair perceptions, but the interactive effect of the source of financing by the person or organization was not approved in relation to price differences and fair perceptions.

Background and purpose: Enterococci as a group of bacteria infecting raw foods and dairy products can contaminate different food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate strains of enterococci based on the Real time PCR method using melting curve analysis in food samples.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 510 samples were collected from which 138 different samples (chicken, meat, milk, and cheese) containing different strains of enterococci were investigated. Then, identification of Enterococcus species was performed by targeting specific sites and specific primers were designed according to Real time PCR-based melting curve analysis.Results: Based on melting curve analysis by Real Time PCR, the Enterococcus species identified were as follows: E.faecalis in 84 isolates (60.86%), E.faecium in 48 (34.78%), E.gallinarum in 1 (0.7%), E.avium in 4 (2.8%), and E.Caselli flavus in 1 isolate (0.7%). The most frequent isolates were detected in 29 samples of chicken meat (51.44%) and red meat (n=21, 24.63%). Considering the results of sequencing as a Gold a standard test, the sensitivity and specificity of phenotypic methods for E.faecalis, E.faecium, E.gallinarum, E.avium, and E.Caselli flavus were 94.78% and 90.74%, 89.13 % and 97.77 %, 50% and 98.52%, 66.66% and 98.52%, and 50% and 98.56%, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the sample and distribution of Enterococcus species (P≤0.05).Conclusion: Due to extensive viability error in identification of Enterococcus species isolated from food by phenotypic methods, using a rapid and sensitive method is necessary.

In the competitive world of today, companies seek to maintain and achieve more market share and retain their customers; thereby improving quality and financial position are of the most important factors in survival of companies. Today, high quality products have become one of the greatest tools for organizations looking for customer satisfaction and profit. In this respect, Total Quality Management (TQM) is one of the most popular systems for achieving high level of quality which organizations are taking benefit from. In this research, TQM factors influencing financial performance have been evaluated and prioritized using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a case study in food industry. Collecting data by survey based questionnaire of paired comparisons and using Expert Choice software version 11 to analyze viewpoints, it has been found that management commitment, customer focus and continuous improvement as factors of TQM have highest weights influencing company's financial performance, respectively.

The main objective of this quantitative-qualitative research was to analyzing the mental preferences of paddy farmers towards second cultivation in Rasht County. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30 progressive farmers in Rasht County who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Expert Choice11 softwares. The reliability and Validity of the questionnaire was approved by calculating the Cronbach's alpha and construct validity.The Findings showed that "lack of government support for the production and sale of these products, lack of successful model farms in cultivating alternative crops under government management" and "lack of an appropriate market for these products» with a ratio of 93, 90 and 73%, were the most important barriers to farmers' willingness to second cultivation, respectively. Also, the most important factors determining the type of cultivation were revenue generation, production costs and market for products, respectively. The results showed that, ratoon and local beans were in the highest ranks in the farmers' mental preferences in growing crops based on revenue generation, sales and production cost criteria, but in terms of water scarcity and employment criteria, local beans and forage were in the highest ranks, respectively. Overall, the results showed that, ratoon with a weight value above 0.453 was in the first priority in second cropping pattern and local beans and forage (with 0.353 and 0.087 weights) were in the next priorities, respectively. Designing an optimal cropping pattern, guaranteed purchase, establishing model farms and development of conversion industries are suggested.